Matrix Essay Matrix - 938 Words

â€Å"The Matrix† is an action-packed, Oscar-winning, sci-fi extravaganza starring Keanu Reeves as Neo. Buddhism is an ancient religion built on the teaching of the original Buddha with a goal to reach nirvana. On first glance these two things could not be more different from each other, or could they be? In actuality, â€Å"The Matrix† encompasses many central themes of Buddhism like freeing the mind, and uses images such as spoons and mirrors. The need to free the mind is a core element of both Buddhism and â€Å"The Matrix.† Many Buddhists claim that â€Å"the illusionary nature of the world consists in our knowledge of the world† (Brannigan 103). Our minds interpret the world based on our perceptions. Buddhism deliver us from the â€Å"epistemological†¦show more content†¦There is also another mirror usage in the movie such as the mirror-finished glasses that are only worn in the matrix by those freed from the Matrix. They do not cling to the false images of the Matrix (Brannigan 102). Another image used is the spoon. In the Matrix, there is a scene with a young bald child holding a spoon. He says to Neo, Do not try and bend the spoon, thats impossible. Instead, only try to realize the truth...there is no spoon. Then youll see that it is not the spoon that bends, it is only yourself† (â€Å"The Matrix†). This strongly resembles the Zen Buddhism flag parable in which monks argue about whether the flag moves or the wind moves. A third monk tells them that â€Å"neither the flag nor the wind moves. ‘It is your mind that moves’† (Brannigan 103). In both instances, the monks and Neo are stuck between the two concepts and must let go of those two things. Their minds become too fixed to see the truth. They must free the mind by letting go and opening themselves up to experience. This ties back into the mirror image as Neo sees his reflection in the mirror of the spoon. This is a moment â€Å"represents clarity and truth† r egarding the boy telling Neo that â€Å"there is no spoon† (Brannigan 102). We cannot be fixated on images as they like mirrors can be distorted especially since the spoon is concave/convex surface and prone to distortion. However, some portions of â€Å"TheShow MoreRelatedEssay on The Matrix1072 Words   |  5 PagesThe Matrix The Matrix is a science fiction movie about artificial intelligence computers replacing mankind. I believe that this movie is a common type of display from the media is common paranoia so that they can get a reaction from people and sell their story. In the case of The Matrix, the movie dazzles people with awesome special effects using modern computer technology, which I find ironic. I find it self-conflicting and hypocritical for the media to use modern computer technology for theirRead MoreEssay on The Matrix2824 Words   |  12 Pages The Matrix Interweaves much symbolism, mythology, philosophy, and psychology. 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After reading The Matrix, and reading from Plato and Descartes, I find that there are some similarities and differencesRead MoreEssay about The Matrix1338 Words   |  6 Pagestantalizing movie, quot;The Matrixquot;, a breed of AI computers takes over the world. It harvests human embryos in laboratories called quot;fieldsquot;. It then feeds them through grim looking tubes and keeps them immersed in gelatinous liquid in cocoons. This new quot;machine speciesquot; derives its energy needs from the electricity produced by the billions of human bodies thus preserved. A sophisticated, all-pervasive, computer program called quot;The Matrixquot; generates a quot;worldquot;Read MoreEssay about The Matrix1131 Words   |  5 PagesThe Matrix Written and directed by the Wachowski brothers, ‘The Matrix’ is a science fiction film, which was released in the year 1999. It was the first film to use the now famous camera technique of ‘bullet time’ and also introduced wirework martial arts into conventional cinemas. Its vision of the future is similar to other science fiction films such as ‘Men In Black’ with the agents always wearing sunglasses and the idea of man vs. machine\evil. In the openingRead MorePlato And The Matrix Essay1463 Words   |  6 PagesIn â€Å"The Matrix† and Plato’s Phaedo and Republic questions of what makes up a whole and fulfilling life are answered. Both The Matrix and Plato provide alternate forms of reality, one that is based on truth and is fulfilling and one that is based on a false reality that offers false forms of fulfillment. The Matrix and Plato show the difference of living a life in a true reality and a â€Å"fake† reality where everything inside this reality is fake making the lives inside this reality fake. True educationRead More The Matrix Essay1310 Words   |  6 Pages The Matrix In 1999 directors/writers Larry and Andy Wachowski (Bound) made a dark and often disturbing Science Fiction film, The Matrix. With the production expertise of Joel Silver (Commando, Predator, Lethal Weapon series, and Die Hard series), Andrew Mason (The Crow, Dark City) and Barrie M. Osborne (Face/Off, The Fan, Childs Play), The Matrix is sure to be a favorite among Science Fiction movie fans for years to come. The Matrix won the Oscar award in all four categories it was nominatedRead MoreEssay on The Matrix577 Words   |  3 PagesThe Matrix The Matrix has been doing remarkably well in sales since its release in the cinema last summer and its recent video releases. This is largely due to stylish advertising techniques and word of mouth. The Matrix has been approved by critics who enjoy the film and also the ones who dislike the theme. Among young viewers, it has already achieved great status. So what else is the film about? Firstly the film copies the theme from many popular films that came before it, and involves intelligentRead MoreEssay on There is No Escaping the Matrix1916 Words   |  8 PagesThere is No Escaping the Matrix In the video game world anything is possible, and if your player dies you can always play again. The videogame industry is exploding in the market place; its far from childs play and far from the days of pong. In the most recent issue of Entertainment Weekly (December 6, 2002) there is an article, Video Game Nation, discussing a new video game experience being touted as the wave of the future, The Real World meets The Matrix. In this virtual world called TheRead MoreEssay on Baudrillard and the Matrix1177 Words   |  5 Pagesand Andy Wachowski wrote and directed an American science fiction action film called The Matrix. The movie depicted a future where many humans might perceive is real, is actually a simulated reality. 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Duckweed Free Essays

Feed Industry Overview: Duckweed feed has been found to be a very nutritious feed source for many types of livestock. The fact that duckweed can be fed to animals in its wet form or dried for a more concentrated food source make an efficient, cost effective, harvester a possible attractive product for this market. Traditional Harvesters are economically unfeasible and manual harvesting is very labor intensive for medium to large scale operations. We will write a custom essay sample on Duckweed or any similar topic only for you Order Now Feed prices can vary drastically due to crop yields, gas prices, and product demand. After the initial investment of the Proskimmer the costs for producing this feed additive would be minimal. There is opportunity for duckweed to be used more as a feed source in coming years to alleviate increasing demand on corn and soy yields. Analysis According to North Carolina Reasearchers: â€Å"Duckweed holds great promise as an alternative feed supplement. One of the smallest plants known to man could help us produce cleaner water while at the same time providing a high quality feed for domestic stock animals (poultry, swine, and cattle). The nutrient uptake ability possessed by duckweed along with its fast reproductive rate and environmental requirements make it easy to manage. The problem with duckweed is in the harvesting of the small plants and removing the excess water. Assuming that can be done efficiently, we will be well on our way to making new strides in the supplemental feeding of duckweed. † These statements are made by some of the leading duckweed researchers in the feed/fuel/watstewater. A duckweed harvester is a natural fit to solve the harvesting needs of the market. Recent studies have confirmed duckweed’s potential as a valuable high-protein, vitamin-rich feed supplement. A two acre pond surface with duckweed yields as much as 30 tons of dry matter or approximately 12 tons of protein per year. This protein is of very high quality for feeding to animals (or human beings). Experiments show that the quality of this protein for ducks and hens is similar to that in soybean meal. As protein is currently priced at approx $500 per ton as a stock-feed ingredient, the protein yield of a hectare of duckweed is worth in the order of $6,000 per year. Although inexpensive to produce, duckweed contains a range of vitamins, pigments and minerals. These include those normally added to dietary formulations for livestock such as poultry and pigs in the form of commercial mineral-vitamin premixes. Duckweed has particular value as a poultry feed. It typically contains high concentrations of calcium (which is required in the diet of laying hens) equal to 10-25 g/kg dry matter. Duckweed contains relatively large amounts of xanthophylls and carotene, which result in a rich yellow/orange color to the egg yolks. In comparison, the synthetic yolk pigments usually included in mineral-vitamin premixes for layers are a costly component of commercial poultry diets. Dried excess duckweed can be pelletised and sold as animal feed. At approx $6000 dollars the Proskimmer would be economically viable in this arena. Feeding trials reported in the literature and carried out recently in Peru have demonstrated that duckweed can be substituted for soy and fish meals in prepared rations for several types of poultry: broilers, layers, and chicks. Cultured duckweed can be used as the protein component in poultry diets. Acceptable levels of duckweed meal in the diets of layers range up to 40 percent of total feed. Duckweed-fed layers produce more eggs of the same or higher quality as control birds fed the recommended formulated diets. Levels of up to 15 percent duckweed meal produce growth rates in broilers which are equal to those produced by control feeds. Diets for chicks, consisting of up to 15 percent duckweed meal, are suitable for birds under three weeks of age. Duckweed meal will almost certainly find as large a range of animal feed applications as soybean meal. Duckweed meal may also have great potential to blend with non- conventional diets based on inexpensive carbohydrate sources that can be used by poultry and hogs. Today pork production offers perhaps an unprecedented opportunity. Due to economic expansion and population growth in Asia, demand for pork is increasing like never before. In fact, experts predict that in the next 35 to 40 years, we’ll have to quadruple, or more, the approximately 875 million hogs now on Earth. That’s why new and expanded hog production facilities are being built in Australia, Canada, Mexico, South America, and, when opposition is overcome, in the U. S. And as they’re built, new jobs and economic growth are being created. A major limitation to fish farming is that meals high in protein with high biological value are expensive and often locally unavailable. Supplementary feeds can take up to 60% of fish production costs. Duckweeds have a high protein content (around 40%) of high biological value. Fresh duckweed is highly suited to intensive fish farming systems and duckweed is converted efficiently to liveweight by certain fish including carp and tilapia. Drying duckweed presents the largest current challenge to the plant being traded as a commodity. No conventional drying technology has been able to produce dried material without incurring signifigant loss. Several solar methods are showing promise however we feel they would be for large scale operations and not relevant to our market. The leading researchers in North Carolina have paired with a company called Aeroglide who makes industrial drying technologies for the feed industry. We feel Proskim should focus on the wet applications for land livestock and fish farming opporunities. http://www. lib. ncsu. edu/theses/available/etd-05242004-103543/unrestricted/etd. df Institute of Animal Nutrition, University of Hohenheim, Emil-Wolff-Str. 10, 70593 Stuttgart, Germany 24 February 2010; http://www. aeroglide. com/aquafeed-dryers-coolers. php SWOT Analysis Feed: Strengths: Low cost in relation to other mechanical harvesters/low labor intensity when compared to manual techniques. Currently manufactured product with little to no customization for many harvesting needs. Duckweed has be en proven to be a breakthrough feed alternative to corn and soy based feeds. Weaknesses: Little to no current marketing strategy in the Bio arena. Lack of marketing material directed to Bio arena. Less developed nations will use manual techniques. Company physical location is not in areas which promote rapid duckweed growth. Opportunities: Feed supplement for fish, swine, poultry needing effective harvesting techniques. Market directly to these farmers. Academic researchers using grants to study duckweed in the Bio arena. Government grants and foundations in the Bio arena. Threats: Other harvester inventions and trial inventions to harvest duckweed. Less demand for corn ethanol due to regulations or opportunity costs could lower prices and in turn corn feed prices. How to cite Duckweed, Papers

Leadership Strategies for a Changing World

Question: Describe about the Leadership Strategies for a Changing World. Answer: Introduction Leadership has become the priority factor that drives organizations and its success(Aaker 2012). Organizations utilize and enforce efficient style of leadership, in order to increase productivity and efficiency of their employees. Though organizations entrust various dynamic responsibilities on their leaders with the task of managing and controlling their employees, but leaders often face complex problems within the organizational structure. Though leaders devise various strategies and policies in order to overcome these challenges but continue to deal with the high pressure situation leading to lower productivity and efficiency that hampers reaching of organizational goals. Why is leadership such a major issue in modern workplaces? Leaders make extensive use of organizational behavioral theories and techniques such as to increase the amount of employee efficiency and effectively(Szabla 2007). They motivate them, communicate shareholders strategies and policies and takes control effectively over the various functions of the organization. The role of a leader is to effectively manage and take control over organizational activity. He is the medium for communication between the management and employees. The essay is regarding evaluating the statement, Leadership is argued to be one the most important aspects in modern day organizations and in discussing the difficulties leaders face in organizations and suggesting some theories or models of leadership that can be applied to address these difficulties.An efficient and effective leader applied by the organization can lead to organizational success, whereas an efficient leader can lead to organizational failure in the future. Organizations in order to develop sustaina ble strategies and policies need to assign tasks to effective leaders. There are many forms of leadership that are adapted and practiced across organizations(Bass 2006). However, sometimes implementing an incorrect leader leads to organizational failure and lack of employee motivation. The initial part of the essay identifies some of the broad challenges faced by modern organizations, whereas the later part of the essay discusses a wide range of theories and models that leaders apply to overcome the same. Organizations apply various style of leadership according to the needs and organizational culture. The modern challenges faced by organizational leaders found by studies conducted by various researches are in developing managerial effectiveness, in inspiring or motivating employees and co-workers, developing an organizational culture as well as stable employee base, leading a team, incorporating in a change within the organization, management of internal stakeholders and policies(Piccolo 2006). What factors are contributing to the challenges of leadership? Change management : Though leadership is not an issue by itself in the workplace, the leadership style possess an issue that becomes difficult to handle sometimes(Birnbaum 2012). Mismatch of ideologies and leadership values leads to clash of interests. As organizations transform and evolve over time, they tend to change their current style of leadership and then develop newer strategies and techniques to manage employee base. An organization that follows traditional leadership approach such as transactional leadership, and wants to bring about modernized techniques into their systems as well as processes will generally adopt a transformational style of leadership. But the employees of the organizations that are accustomed to the traditional methods might not be at all confortable in applying transformational leadership style(Schaubroeck 2007). This in turn can affect employee job satisfaction levels highly, leading to unproductivity and under productivity. Due to growing dissatisfact ion amongst employees, in the transition phase employees can decide to leave the organization as well. Organizational Culture : Often it is extremely difficult for leaders to implement the necessary organizational culture. The organization culture within organizations needs to be adapted and implemented by all employees such that the organization functions smoothly and its goals are reached. An organization where its employees fail to adopt suitable organizational culture often fails in attaining and achieving the desired goals(Sarros 2008). The new employee tries and adopts organizational culture, but often faces resistance from older employees of the organization. Older employees in their trifle with the leader try to avoid policies and hinder the development of practiced organizational culture(Lambrou 2010). Often the older employee union is so strong that it leads to newer employee following the same without any dispute. Leaders play an ardent role in change management by motivating employees towards the new and changed procedures. In a change process employees are generally reluc tant to change but leaders enable and create an ambience for the change processes to take place effectively, but sometimes due to lack of communication or employee past experience leaders are unable to apply the changed style(Rickards 2006). Inspiring or motivating employees: Leaders are often in-effective in inspiring or motivating their employees to attain a set of goals. This leads to a major challenge within the organization as a leaders primary aim is to get task done by employees. Clash of interests amongst employees intention to do a tasks and the leaders methodology to do the same hinders the progress. Leaders have immense roles in job definition and creating attractiveness for the job such that employees are able to take up new challenges and conduct the job more enthusiastically(DiLiello 2006). Often due to management objectives or employee unions leaders face challenges to implement successful motivational strategies(Chesterman 2016). Leading a team: Leaders are exposed to challenges of leading a team in modern organization. Lack of employee attitude to work in a team and deliver results not only hampers leaders effectiveness but also hampers the overall performance of the organization. The primary role of a leader is to set objectives define goals for its employees such that they are able to lead a team. A leaders vision and ideologies is given to the employees and targets are set and designed for followers(Aarons 2006). An effective leader is able to do so instantly without much effort but often a leader faces immense trouble due to organizational existing culture to do so. Managing internal stakeholder policies and practices: Leaders play an important role in communicating amongst the various internal stakeholders of the organization(Hay 2010). On one hand he decides with the shareholders and senior management of the organization regarding the various policies and procedures and on the other hand he communicates the same to the employees and members of the team. He is an influential person who incorporates the various employee grievances and policies to communicate the same to upper level management(Avolio 2013). For far as employees are concerned he communicates the various objectives and strategies that has been decided by the management to the employees for approval and application. But often a leader takes a side either of the shareholders or of the employees, which leads to biasness. When a leader is biased towards any side then he is bound to face criticism from the other side. The other side is bound to develop some ill-feelings towards the lead er(Samuel 2009). How can a manager use theories/ models to inform their leadership in a modern organization? The various challenges that leaders face in modern organizations can be overcome by the Meme theories of leadership. The theory applies a range of approaches according to organization specific needs in order that leadership to be successful. There are various famous theories of leadership that have been developed and applied in organizations for effectiveness of leaders and overcoming the challenges faced. Some of the popular theories of leadership are Great Man theory, which emphasizes that leaders are born and not made(Caligiuri 2006). But the concept of this theory is traditional in approach and not adopted in modern organizations. Modern organizations train and develop leader with a conscious level to get positive impact on the job role. Behavioral theories of leadership, the role theory and the managerial grid are some of the most popular amongst traditional theories practices in organizations to overcome employee motivation. In Participative leadership styles there are two famous theories one proposed by Lewins leadership style and Likers leadership style(S 2012). These style of leadership are relatively newer styles of leadership that focuses on participative form of management. Both these styles of leadership have immense emphasis on the leader working within the team along with other employees. Another popular style of leadership is Situational Leadership which has been proposed by multiple researchers. The most famous amongst them are Hershey and Blanchards Situational Leadership, Vroom and Yettons Normative Model and Houses Path-Goal Theory of Leadership(Anne Loewenberger 2014). All these styles of leadership focuses on the leaders ability and capability to act on a particular or given situation. These theories suggests a more dynamic nature of leadership compared to other theories and are highly effective in overcoming challenges that are faced in modern organizations. Modern theories of leadership also include the contingency theories of Fiedlers Least Preferred Co-Worker (LPC) theory, Cognitive resonance theory and strategic contingency theory. These theories are very popular and have gained immense importance in the recent years due to their style of management reflected in these theories. The Meme theory acts as an influential tool in spreading behaviors and styles from person within a cultural framework. The Meme carries as small units to carry cultural ideas through various forms of speech, gestures, rules, rituals and so on. The Meme leadership have been given various colors according to the organizational culture they follow(DiLiello 2006). Orange, black, green, red and so on, each color is associated with a particular style of behavior. Each type of leadership style is selected according to the needs and requirements of the organization. These theories are an extension of the traditional theories of leadership, like contingency theories and others(Dawlabani 2013). How can a manager work to overcome their leadership challenges? The transactional leadership theory of Leader-Member Exchange (LMX) theory is highly practiced in developed nations and has yield tremendous results. Earlier organizations implemented transactional, servant and other leadership styles in order to get performance from employees. Transactional leaders were mostly involved with leaders motivating their employees with certain incentives, performance bonuses and other types of rewards. Employees are motivated to a certain extent with this performance style leadership as they get rewarded and recognized for their endeavors(Schein 2010). This often leads to employee motivation and employee empowerment. Lesser amount of employees leaves the organization leading to lowering of employee turnover. But this style of leadership is often criticized to assume the side of the management and ignoring employee voices in totality. Servant style of leadership leads to high job satisfaction amongst employees, as the leader indulges in a number of activities himself in order to demonstrate. Servant style of leadership is known to create a high level of satisfaction amongst employees and high level of trust as well. A servant style leader is highly associated with his employees and engages in formal work with them, sharing their loads and so on. But servant style of leadership is also multiple times criticized to be ignoring the management aspect in work motivation(House 2013). The transformational leadership theories of Bass transformational leadership theories, Burns transformational leadership theory and Kouzes and Posners leadership participation Inventory. Transformational leaders are employed by organizations when an organization is a change phase. Transformational leaders are effective in change management procedure and helps employees with the various stress associated with change process(Sachau 2007). He communicates the managements ideologies for changes to the employees and takes employee feedback to the management. Thus this style of leadership is highly accepted in todays organizations as they are dynamic in nature. Why is the information you have found important to know, especially for people who are leading in organizations? An organization in order to motivate its employees also adopts various theories and strategies. The motivational theories that are adopted in modern organizations is Hetzberg Two factor theory, Maslows need hierarchy theory and Alderfers ERG model(Lundberg 2009). In each of the theory there is tremendous importance on the role of the organization implying the leader in motivating employees. The interface of the organization with its employees is through its leader, hence a leader can overcome the barrier of demotivation by stimulating and inspiring employees for fulfillment of a particular role(Brown 2006). All the various theories discussed helps the organization in tacking their complex situations and in their overcoming of various challenges. Though each type of challenge have their own fallout and benefits, organizations adopt the ones that are most beneficial to them. As human resource forms the most important type of resource for the organization and they have to get productivity from them, leaders and leadership styles needs to be carefully selected such that organizational goals can be effectively defined and efficiently applied. Practical evaluation of situation with prompt development and application of strategy helps yield organizational objectives. Leadership has a very crucial role in managing stakeholders interests and their needs, the balancing them accordingly. An effective leader is able to quickly resolve issues and step ahead with the solution and impact changes in the organizations. Leaders are not only part of the management but employees envision them as their repr esentative to the management to attend grievances, challenges and various other issues for them to perform. Conclusion Leadership has an effective and important role to play in organizations; hence organizations need to apply correct styles to get maximum productivity from its leadership. An effective leadership can be a high resource for the organization and lead to it achieving success and sustenance in its path to achieve goals. There are however, various challenges faced in leadership styles and forms due to which leaders are sometimes rendered ineffective. The various challenges can be overcome and proper leadership styles can be gained by applying appropriate leadership styles that help in employee empowerment and job satisfaction. Though there are various styles of leadership are present but leaders evaluate situations and challenges in order to adopt and implement a proper change and solution to a challenge. A leaders intrinsic characteristics and deep-embed motivation helps him to overcome the diversified and intricate solutions so as to become a role model and a leader in all aspect. References Aaker, D.A. and Joachimsthaler, E., 2012.Brand leadership. Simon and Schuster.. Aarons, G.A., 2006. Transformational and transactional leadership: Association with attitudes toward evidence-based practice.Psychiatric services,57(8), pp.1162-1169. Anne Loewenberger, P., Newton, M. and Wick, K., 2014. Developing creative leadership in a public sector organisation.International Journal of Public Sector Management,27(3), pp.190-200. Avolio, B.J. and Yammarino, F.J. eds., 2013.Transformational and charismatic leadership: The road ahead. Emerald Group Publishing.Bass, BM,RRE 2006, Transformational leadership, Psychology Press. Birnbaum, R., 2012. Genes, Memes, and the Evolution of Human Leadership.The Oxford Handbook of Leadership, p.243. Brown, K. and Cullen, C., 2006. Maslow's hierarchy of needs used to measure motivation for religious behaviour.Mental Health, Religion Culture,9(1), pp.99-108. Caligiuri, P., 2006. Developing global leaders.Human Resource Management Review,16(2), pp.219-228. Chesterman, A., 2016.Memes of translation: The spread of ideas in translation theory(Vol. 123). John Benjamins Publishing Company. Dawlabani, S.E., 2013.MEMEnomics: The next-generation economic system. SelectBooks, Incorporated. DiLiello, T.C. and Houghton, J.D., 2006. Maximizing organizational leadership capacity for the future: Toward a model of self-leadership, innovation and creativity.Journal of Managerial Psychology,21(4), pp.319-337. Hay, R., 2010. The relevance of ecocentrism, personal development and transformational leadership to sustainability and identity.Sustainable Development,18(3), pp.163-171. House, R.J., Dorfman, P.W., Javidan, M., Hanges, P.J. and de Luque, M.F.S., 2013.Strategic leadership across cultures: GLOBE study of CEO leadership behavior and effectiveness in 24 countries. Sage Publications. Lambrou, P., Kontodimopoulos, N. and Niakas, D., 2010. Motivation and job satisfaction among medical and nursing staff in a Cyprus public general hospital.Human resources for health,8(1), p.1. Lundberg, C., Gudmundson, A. and Andersson, T.D., 2009. Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory of work motivation tested empirically on seasonal workers in hospitality and tourism.Tourism management,30(6), pp.890-899. Piccolo, R.F. and Colquitt, J.A., 2006. Transformational leadership and job behaviors: The mediating role of core job characteristics.Academy of Management journal,49(2), pp.327-340. Rickards, TAMS 2006, 'Creative leaders: a decade of contributions from Creativity and Innovation Management Journal.', Creativity and Innovation Management, vol 15, no. 1, pp. 4-18. Warrilow, S., 2009. Transformational leadership theorythe 4 key components in leading change managing change.Retrieved fromhttps://ezinearticles. com. Sachau, D.A., 2007. Resurrecting the motivation-hygiene theory: Herzberg and the positive psychology movement.Human resource development review,6(4), pp.377-393. Samuel, M.O. and Chipunza, C., 2009. Employee retention and turnover: Using motivational variables as a panacea.African journal of business management,3(9), p.410. Sarros, J.C., Cooper, B.K. and Santora, J.C., 2008. Building a climate for innovation through transformational leadership and organizational culture.Journal of Leadership Organizational Studies,15(2), pp.145-158. Schaubroeck, J., Lam, S.S. and Cha, S.E., 2007. Embracing transformational leadership: team values and the impact of leader behavior on team performance.Journal of applied psychology,92(4), p.1020. Schein, E.H., 2010.Organizational culture and leadership(Vol. 2). John Wiley Sons. Szabla, D.B., 2007. A multidimensional view of resistance to organizational change: Exploring cognitive, emotional, and intentional responses to planned change across perceived change leadership strategies.Human Resource Development Quarterly,18(4), pp.525-558.